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Hashing: Concepts and Algorithms

Concepts

Hashing is a process that transforms input data (or "message") into a fixed-size string of bytes, typically a digest that is unique to each unique input. It is commonly used for data integrity and storage.

Algorithms

Some common hashing algorithms include MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, and SHA-512. Each has different use cases and security considerations:

• MD5: Produces a 128-bit hash value, typically rendered as a 32-character hexadecimal number. It is fast but not considered secure for cryptographic purposes.
• SHA-1: Produces a 160-bit hash value, typically rendered as a 40-character hexadecimal number. It is more secure than MD5 but has known vulnerabilities.
• SHA-256: Part of the SHA-2 family, it produces a 256-bit hash value. It is widely used and considered secure for most applications.
• SHA-512: Also part of the SHA-2 family, it produces a 512-bit hash value. It provides a higher level of security and is used in more secure applications.